What term is used for a species that has disappeared from a region since European settlement?

The term "extirpated" refers specifically to a species that is no longer found in a certain geographic area where it historically existed, particularly since the time of European settlement. This indicates that while the species may still exist in other locations, its local population has been eradicated. It captures the nuances of the species' status, distinguishing it from being entirely extinct, which would mean that the species no longer exists anywhere in the world.

In contrast, "endangered" refers to species that are at risk of extinction in the near future, while "threatened" describes species that are likely to become endangered if conditions do not improve. "Extinct," on the other hand, signifies that a species has no members left in existence anywhere on the planet. Therefore, "extirpated" is the accurate term for describing a species that has vanished from a specific area since the period of European settlement.