Science plays what role in wildlife policy management?

Science plays a crucial role in wildlife policy management as it serves as the foundation for making informed and objective decisions. This means that wildlife policies are often based on empirical evidence, data collection, and scientific research to ensure that they effectively address the complexities of managing wildlife populations and habitats. By applying scientific methods, wildlife managers can assess the status of wildlife species, understand their ecological needs, evaluate threats, and predict future trends. This evidence-based approach is vital for developing strategies that balance conservation efforts with community needs and economic considerations.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the importance of science in this field. For example, the notion that decisions can be informed without objective data undermines the necessity of empirical research and could lead to ineffective or harmful policy decisions. The assertion that science is not a factor in wildlife policy overlooks the critical role that research plays in shaping laws and regulations designed to protect wildlife. Saying that science provides justification for all wildlife actions would imply that every action is inherently valid if it is backed by science, disregarding the ethical, social, and economic contexts that also influence wildlife management. Therefore, option D embodies the essential role of science in supporting responsible and effective wildlife policy management.